Spectacular Distractions
The extreme point of penal justice under the Ancien Regime was the infinite segmentation of the body of the regicide: a manifestation of the strongest power over the body of the greatest criminal, whose total destruction made the crime explode into its truth. The ideal point of penality today would be an indefinite discipline: an interrogation without end, an investigation that would be extended without limit to a meticulous and ever more analytical observation, a judgment that would at the same time be the constitution of a file that was never closed, the calculated leniency of a penalty that would be at the same time the permanent measure of a gap in relation to an inaccessible norm and the asymptotic movement that strives to meet in infinity. The public execution was the logical culmination of a procedure governed by the Inquisition. The practice of placing individuals under ‘observation’ is a natural extension of a justice imbued with disciplinary methods and examination procedures. Is it surprising that the cellular prison, with its regular chronologies, forced labour, its authorities of surveillance and registration, its experts in normality, who continue and multiply the functions of the judge, should have become the modern instrument of penality? Is it surprising that prisons resemble factories, schools, barracks, hospitals, which all resemble prisons?
— Michel Foucault, Discipline & Punish
It is often said that the model of a society that has individuals as its constituent elements is borrowed from the abstract juridical forms of contract and exchange. Mercantile society, according to this view, is represented as a contractual association of isolated juridical subjects. Perhaps. Indeed, the political theory of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries often seems to follow this schema. But it should not be forgotten that there existed at the same period a technique for constituting individuals as correlative elements of power and knowledge. The individual is no doubt the fictitious atom of an ‘ideological’ representation of society; but he is also a reality fabricated by this specific technology of power that I have called ‘discipline’. We must cease once and for all to describe the effects of power in negative terms: it ‘excludes’, it ‘represses’, it ‘censors’, it ‘abstracts’, it ‘masks’, it ‘conceals’. In fact, power produces; it produces reality; it produces domains of objects and rituals of truth. The individual and the knowledge that may be gained of him belong to this production.
— Michel Foucault, Discipline & Punish

As the new immigrant civil rights movement spilled into the streets in mass protest in the spring of 2006, the same Democratic Party leaders who previously joined the chorus of criminalization—such as Ted Kennedy and Hillary Clinton—rushed to the front of demonstrations to “speak for immigrants.” They told the gathered crowds that the solution was not to build the movement in the streets, but rather to demobilize and vote Democrat. In other words, they urged immigrants to support the very same politicians and legislative proposals that would criminalize and segregate immigrant workers.

Even though he has cosponsored a bill that would create a second class group of workers and expand the border crackdown on future migrants, Kennedy did not even blink at a massive April 10, 2006, rally in Washington, D.C., when he quoted Martin Luther King Jr.—calling on the nation to “let freedom ring” for immigrants. So, as the immigrant working class goes about constructing a new civil rights movement aimed at democratizing society and winning equality for all workers, the Democrats have gone on the offensive to demobilize it.
When the movement coalesced into a national strike and boycott on May 1, 2006—in a direct confrontation with capital—the Democrats helped split the movement, and then turned their guns on those who joined the boycott. New Mexico’s Democratic governor Bill Richardson joined a throng of other Democratic leaders when he called Monday’s demonstrations “a distraction from what the real issue is, and that’s the need for comprehensive immigration reform. And I would rather have those demonstrators go to each of the congressional offices … and explain to their representatives how important this issue is.” In other words, the Democratic Party works to contain any self-activated protests of workers that operate outside of its control or challenge the absolute power of big business. In trying to demobilize immigrant workers, Democrats pass the initiative back to the Far Right.


— Justin Akers Chacon - No One Is Illegal

The disclosure of the commodity’s “secret” was the key that revealed capital’s enchanted realm to our thought - a secret that capital always tried to hide by exposing it in full view.

Without the identification of this immaterial center - in which “the products of labor” split themselves into a use value and an exchange value and “become commodities, sensuous things which are at the same time suprasensible or social” - all the following critical investigations undertaken in Capital probably would not have been possible.

In the 1960s, however, the Marxian analysis of the fetish character of the commodity was, in the Marxist milieu, foolishly abandoned. In 1969, in the preface to a popular reprint of Capital, Louis Althusser could still invite readers to skip the first section, with the reason that the theory of fetishism was a “flagrant” and “extremely harmful” trace of Hegelian philosophy.

It is for this reason that Debord’s gesture appears all the more remarkable, as he bases his analysis of the society of the spectacle - that is, of a capitalism that has reached its extreme figure - precisely on that “flagrant trace.” The “becoming-image” of capital is nothing more than the commodity’s last metamorphosis, in which exchange value has completely eclipsed use value and can now achieve the status of absolute and irresponsible sovereignty over life in its entirety, after having falsified the entire social production.


— Giorgio Agamben, Marginal Notes on Comments on the Society of the Spectacle
In a certain sense, the coherence of spectacular society proves revolutionaries right, since it is evident that one cannot reform the most trifling detail without taking the whole thing apart. But at the same time this coherence has eliminated every organized revolutionary tendency by eliminating those social terrains where it had more or less effectively been able to find expression: from trade unions to newspapers, towns to books. In a single movement, it has been possible to illuminate the incompetence and thoughtlessness of which this tendency was quite naturally the bearer. And on an individual level, the reigning coherence is quite capable of eliminating, or buying off such exceptions as may arise.
— Guy Debord, Comments on the Society of the Spectacle
Domination has at least sufficient lucidity to expect that its free and unhindered reign will very shortly lead to a significant number of major catastrophes, both ecological (chemical, for example) and economic (in banking, for example). It has for some time been ensuring it is in a position to deal with these exceptional misfortunes by other means than its usual gentle use of disinformation.
— Guy Debord, Comments on the Society of the Spectacle
Contrary to its spectacular definition, the practice of disinformation can only serve the state here and now, under its direct command, or at the initiative of those who uphold the same values. Disinformation is actually inherent in all existing information; and indeed is its main characteristic. It is only named where passivity must be maintained by intimidation. Where disinformation is named it does not exist. Where it exists, it is not named. When there were still conflicting ideologies, which claimed to be for or against some recognized aspect of reality, there were fanatics, and liars, but there were no ‘disinformers.’ When respect for the spectacular consensus, or at least a desire for spectacular kudos prohibits any honest declaration of what someone is against, or equally what he wholeheartedly approves; and when at the same time he needs to disguise a part of what he is supposed to acknowledge because for one reason or another it is considered dangerous, then he employs disinformation, as if by blunder or negligence, or by pretended false reasoning.
— Guy Debord, Comments on the Society of the Spectacle

VI. Spectacular domination’s first priority was to eradicate historical knowledge in general; beginning with just about all rational information and commentary on the most recent past. The evidence for this is so glaring it hardly needs further explanation. With consummate skill the spectacle organizes ignorance of what is about to happen and, immediately afterwards, the forgetting of whatever has nonetheless been understood.
[…]
In France, it is some ten years now since a president of the republic, long ago forgotten but at the time still basking on the spectacle’s surface, naively expressed his delight at “knowing that henceforth we will live in a world without memory, where images flow and merge, like reflections on the water.” Convenient indeed for those in business, and who know how to stay there. The end of history gives power a welcome break. Success is guaranteed in all its undertakings, or at least the rumor of success.
[…]
History’s domain was the memorable, the totality of events whose consequences would be lastingly apparent. And thus, inseparably, history was knowledge that should endure and aid in understanding, at least in part, what was to come: “an everlasting possession,” according to Thucydides. In this way history was the measure of genuine novelty. It is in the interest of those who sell novelty at any price to eradicate the means of measuring it. When social significance is attributed only to what is immediate, and to what will be immediate immediately afterwards, always replacing another, identical, immediacy, it can be seen that the uses of the media guarantee a kind of eternity of noisy insignificance.

The precious advantage which the spectacle has acquired through the outlawing of history, from having driven the recent past into hiding, and from having made everyone forget the spirit of history within society, is above all the ability to cover its own tracks — to conceal the very progress of its recent world conquest. Its power already seems familiar, as if it had always been there. All usurpers have shared this aim: to make us forget that they have only just arrived.


— Guy Debord, Comments on the Society of the Spectacle
» David Harvey | Full Stop

From Marx’s perspective, human nature is an unfinished project. The big question from Marx’s perspective is: what kind of human nature are we going to try and create, and how do we do that? It’s an evolutionary process. The problem with the concept of humanism is that it assumes that there is some sort of essentialism about what it means to be human. It becomes almost a normative concept towards which we strive, even though we usually fail to achieve it. I can see its function at all these conferences. It was a way of getting around the postmodern fragmentations, the poststructuralist deconstructions, and put in its place some kind of solid aspirational concept. It has a peculiar function, because it becomes essentialist, but you can embed other essentialisms in it. You can say feminism is in humanism, anti-racism is within humanism, to be queer is within humanism. It’s an umbrella concept under which you can merge a lot of the history of identity politics.

In the Right to the City chapter I try to do something different by asking very concrete questions, saying that what kinds of cities we want to make cannot be divorced from what kinds of people we want to be. Therefore, if we see human nature as an unfinished project, then one of the things that we have to think about is, What kinds of cities do we design and redesign? How do we redesign urbanization to achieve a different kind of notion of what it means to be human?

(Source: towerofsleep)

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